Hangul character chart
Learn the complete modern Korean letter set: 19 consonants and 21 vowels. See Hangul letters with their Revised Romanization and context.
Practice Hangul flashcardsModern Hangul has 19 consonants and 21 vowels. Letters combine into syllable blocks; the 40 letters are distinct from the 11,172 possible modern Unicode syllable blocks. This collection practices the letters.
Romanization is a recall aid. Korean consonant sounds depend on position and surrounding sounds. The letter ㅇ is silent as an initial and represents ng as a final. Consonant audio in the app uses a syllable with ㅏ.
Consonants
| Character | Reading | Memory note |
|---|---|---|
| ㄱ | g / k | 기역 · giyeok |
| ㄴ | n | 니은 · nieun |
| ㄷ | d / t | 디귿 · digeut |
| ㄹ | r / l | 리을 · rieul |
| ㅁ | m | 미음 · mieum |
| ㅂ | b / p | 비읍 · bieup |
| ㅅ | s | 시옷 · siot |
| ㅇ | silent / ng | 이응 · ieung; silent at the start, ng at the end |
| ㅈ | j | 지읒 · jieut |
| ㅊ | ch | 치읓 · chieut |
| ㅋ | k | 키읔 · kieuk; aspirated k |
| ㅌ | t | 티읕 · tieut; aspirated t |
| ㅍ | p | 피읖 · pieup; aspirated p |
| ㅎ | h | 히읗 · hieut |
Basic vowels
| Character | Reading | Memory note |
|---|---|---|
| ㅏ | a | Like a in father |
| ㅑ | ya | Like ya in yard |
| ㅓ | eo | An open “uh” sound; distinct from ㅗ |
| ㅕ | yeo | A y sound followed by ㅓ |
| ㅗ | o | A rounded o sound |
| ㅛ | yo | A y sound followed by ㅗ |
| ㅜ | u | Like oo in moon |
| ㅠ | yu | Like you |
| ㅡ | eu | A close back vowel with unrounded lips |
| ㅣ | i | Like ee in see |
Tense consonants
| Character | Reading | Memory note |
|---|---|---|
| ㄲ | kk | 쌍기역 · ssanggiyeok; tense k |
| ㄸ | tt | 쌍디귿 · ssangdigeut; tense t |
| ㅃ | pp | 쌍비읍 · ssangbieup; tense p |
| ㅆ | ss | 쌍시옷 · ssangsiot; tense s |
| ㅉ | jj | 쌍지읒 · ssangjieut; tense j |
Compound vowels
| Character | Reading | Memory note |
|---|---|---|
| ㅐ | ae | An eh sound |
| ㅒ | yae | A y sound followed by ㅐ |
| ㅔ | e | Similar to ㅐ in modern speech |
| ㅖ | ye | A y sound followed by ㅔ |
| ㅘ | wa | ㅗ + ㅏ |
| ㅙ | wae | ㅗ + ㅐ |
| ㅚ | oe | Often pronounced like “we” |
| ㅝ | wo | ㅜ + ㅓ |
| ㅞ | we | ㅜ + ㅔ |
| ㅟ | wi | ㅜ + ㅣ |
| ㅢ | ui | ㅡ + ㅣ; pronunciation depends on position |
How to memorize these characters
Choose the matching reading from four options and check the instant feedback. Correct answers advance the review interval; missed characters appear once in an end review after all original questions. First-pass accuracy is kept separate from end-review results. Use scheduled reviews or free practice without changing review dates. Progress stays in your browser; export a backup to move devices.